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AI Infra Atlas

Blackwell, rack to atom · 1/9

The pod

A row of liquid-cooled racks. Each draws roughly as much power as a hundred homes and turns nearly all of it into heat.

Racks in view
8
Per rack
72 GPUs · 36 CPUs
Rack power
≈120–130 kW (representative)

Field of view

≈20 m

zoom ×1

Specifications

The B200 at a glance

Representative Blackwell B200 specifications
GPU dies per package2 (unified as one GPU)
Transistors208 billion
ProcessTSMC 4NP
Die-to-die link10 TB/s NV-HBI
MemoryUp to 192 GB HBM3e (B200), 288 GB (B300)
Memory bandwidth≈8 TB/s
NVLink 51.8 TB/s per GPU
Power≈1.0–1.4 kW depending on SKU and system
PrecisionFP64 · TF32 · BF16 · FP8 · FP6 · FP4
PackagingCoWoS-L

Vendor-published or widely reported figures, representative of the class. Some popular animations of “Blackwell” zoom into the GB202 die (≈92 billion transistors, ≈750 mm², TSMC 4N), which is the consumer GeForce RTX 50-series chip. The data-center B200 uses two larger dies totaling 208 billion transistors on TSMC 4NP.

Supply chain

How one GPU gets made

  1. 01Design · United StatesArchitecture, logic and physical design by the fabless chip designer.
  2. 02EUV lithography tools · NetherlandsA single supplier builds the EUV scanners every leading-edge fab depends on.
  3. 03Wafer fabrication · Taiwan (US fabs ramping)4NP wafers processed over months; hundreds of steps per wafer.
  4. 04HBM3e · South Korea, US-headquartered makersDRAM dies stacked 8–12 high with through-silicon vias.
  5. 05Advanced packaging · TaiwanCoWoS-L interposer joins two dies and eight HBM stacks: historically the tightest bottleneck.
  6. 06Substrates · Japan, TaiwanABF build-up film substrates carry thousands of connections from the package to the board.
  7. 07Boards and trays · Taiwan, Mexico, Southeast AsiaODMs build superchip boards and compute trays with cold plates.
  8. 08Rack integration · Taiwan, Mexico, United StatesFull racks are integrated, filled, tested and shipped as one system.

Representative geography. Supplier relationships and plant locations change frequently.